From that area he mounted naval expeditions against the shores of Sicily and southern Italy. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (Punic: c. 275-228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (Punic: , omilqart Baraq; c.275228BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. The gloomy situation changed when first Syracuse and then Rome came to the aid of Carthage. Browse 50 hamilcar barca stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. These "Fabian tactics" continued until Hamilcar encamped in a valley, probably near Nepheris, and the rebels trapped his army, with the Libyans blocking the exit, Spendius and his troops camping near the Punic army and the Numidians covering Hamilcar's rear. [65] Using tactics later made famous by Q. Fabius against Hannibal, Hamilcar's eldest son, the rebels shadowed Hamilcar's army, while moving south, harassing his soldiers and keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry. However, the rebels regrouped, and observing lax discipline among the Punic troops, launched a surprise sortie and routed the Punic army while Hanno was absent,[52] driving the survivors to Utica and capturing all the baggage. Poirson5.gif 449 637; 129 KB. 3rd-century BCE Carthaginian statesman and general, father of Hannibal, sfn error: no target: CITEREFScullard2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFBagnall1999 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFGoldsworthy2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRankov2015 (, Diodorus Siculus 24.10, Polybius 1.73.1, 1.72.3. During the Second Punic War, Hannibal inflicted crushing defeats on Roman armies, particularly in the battle of Cannae where 70,000 Romans died following the engagement. Until the rise to power of his son Hannibal, Hamilcar was the finest commander and statesman that Carthage had produced. Hamilcar Barca, Kartacallarn lideri olan Hamilcar Barca, Roma'ya kar Sicilya adasnda baarl mcadeleler gstermitir. However, the constant skirmishing without ultimate victory may have caused the morale of some of Hamilcar's troops to crack and 1,000 Celtic mercenaries tried to betray the Punic camp to the Romans, which was foiled. The cavalry and light infantry were in the middle, while the heavy infantry was posted furthest from the rebel army.[61]. Hamilcar, upon taking command in the summer of 247 BC,[21] punished the rebellious mercenaries (who had revolted because of overdue payments) by murdering some of them at night and drowning the rest at sea,[22] and dismissing many to different parts of northern Africa. Carthage sent an expedition to Sardinia under Hanno, but this force killed their officers and joined the rebels. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Hamlicar bristled at the terms of the treaty, which obligated Carthage to pay Rome a huge indemnity and to surrender all land in Sicily. He then quashed a rebellion closer to home between 241 and 237 BCE before returning abroad, where he successfully expanded Carthaginian interests in southern Spain. Long-time rivals Hamilcar and Hanno could not agree on the best strategy and eventually the army was permitted to choose which general should lead them. Barca was perhaps a family name, though more probably an epithet meaning lightning.. The war, which had started in 264 BC, continued after the Romans abandoned Africa; however, neither side gained a decisive advantage until 249 BC. License. The second daughter was married to Hasdrubal the Fair. America's Black dilemma In expanding his power to the European continent, Hamilcar reinvigorated the Carthaginian empire, regained needed resources, and prepared a base for renewing war against Rome, which his son Hannibal would famously do in the Second Punic War. Hannibal son of Hamilcar Barca was an African in the sense that he was born in Africa, but he was relative light-skinned, the same way that Tunisians are today. Prior to his departure from Carthage, Hamilcar made sacrifices to obtain favorable omens and Hannibal swore never to be a "Friend of Rome" and "Never to show goodwill to the Romans". #1. Legend tells that he founded the port of Barcino (deriving its name from the Barca family), which was later adopted and used by the Roman Empire and is, today, the city of Barcelona. Hamilcar's immediate objective was to secure access to the gold and silver mines of Sierra Morena, either by direct and indirect control. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Hamilcar_Barca/. In the process, Hamilcar created a professional army of Iberians, Africans, Numidians and other mercenaries that Hasdrubal the Fair would inherit and Hannibal would later lead across the Alps to immortality. Boston Harbor. When his army marched toward the city of Rome, he was unable to conquer the city because his army lacked the siege equipment and reinforcement necessary to take it. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. While Hamilcar campaigned in Iberia, Rome was entangled in Sardinia, Corsica and Liguria, where the natives had put up stiff resistance against Roman occupation campaigns had been fought in these areas between 236 231 BC to retain and expand Roman dominion. Autaritus announced that he would do the same with all Punic prisoners that fell into rebel hands in future. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. Then the enterprising Hamilcar Barca came to the fore. Hamilcar's other two sons were Hasdrubal Barca and Hasdrubal Gisco, both of whom commanded during the Second Punic War. Meanwhile, Mathos had defeated a Carthaginian army, and he dealt the same treatment to the captured Carthaginian general. Nothing is known of Hamilcar before he was given command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily in 247 during the First Punic War. [25] On his return he seized a strong position on Mount Ercte (Monte Pellegrino, just north of Palermo or Mt. 285-c. 229 B.C.) The actions of Hamilcar, and his immunity to defeat, plus the stalemate at the siege of Lilybaeum caused the Romans to start building a fleet in 243 BC to seek a decision at sea. "Death Date: 229. The total investment volume is $500 million . [8] The Romans had occupied most of Sicily by 249 BC and they besieged the last two Carthaginian strongholds in the extreme west. Hamilcar's sons, Hannibal and Hasdrubal, had accompanied him. Greek piracy had forced Carthage to team up with the Etruscans to drive the Greeks from Corsica, and destroy the colony at Mainke in Iberia. Accordingly, Hamilcar Barca was dispatched in 237 BCE to expand Carthaginian territory, which he did, establishing his base at Gades (Cadiz) and founding a new city of Acra Leuce. There was no other city like it. [58] Hamilcar unleashed his trap as the disorderly rebels closed on his formation. Several office buildings, overlooking the harbor waters. Territories During the Second Punic WarJavierfv1212 (CC BY-SA). [36] The better-trained Roman fleet[37] defeated a hastily raised, undermanned and ill-trained Punic fleet at battle of the Aegates Islands in 241 BC, cutting Sicily off from Carthage. Submitted by Mark Cartwright, published on 01 June 2016. By winter of 240 BC, the situation had improved for Carthage. [5] Hamilcar was a young man of 28 when he received the Sicilian command in 247 BC. Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 av. History Themes. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. Punic Mercenaries stationed in Sardinia had rebelled in 239 BC, besieged Boaster and all Carthaginians in a citadel and later executed them after the fort fell. According to Polybius, the causes of the Second Punic war were as follows: Based on this, and Hannibal's oath, some historians infer that Hamilcar's post-Mercenary War activities were aimed at eventual war with Rome, which was inherited by his sons, and some further suggested that Hamilcar devised the strategy of invading Italy by crossing the Alps as well as Hannibal's battle tactics. Hippacra and Utica were both besieged, and Hanno was unable to free them. He supplemented his original force of some 25,000 with local recruits and amassed a 50,000-strong army which included a corps of Numidian cavalry (supplied by Prince Naravas) and 100 elephants. The initial conditions laid out by Lutatius to Gisco were:[40], Hamilcar Barca refused the demand to surrender Roman deserters or disarm Carthaginian soldiers, despite being threatened by Lutatius to have the Punic army pass under the yoke. Mathos could not, though, resist a joint army of Hamilcar and Hanno, and he was driven out of the city and defeated at Byzacium. Rome forbade Italian traders to trade with rebels and encouraged trade with Carthage, freed Punic prisoners without ransom, and allowed Carthage to recruit mercenaries from Roman territories and flatly refused the invitation from Utica, Hippo and Sardinia to occupy these areas. To preempt the danger he issued a challenge in front of the city for single combat between him and the Skaven horde. The Carthaginian government then raised an army of 10,000 soldiers and 70 elephants and put Hamilcar Barca in command. [63] The people's assembly chose Hannibal of Paropos, son of another Hamilcar and a veteran of the First Punic War as Hamilcar's deputy. Discussion Starter. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. He made no attempt to join Hanno near Utica. [60], According to another line of thought,[61] Hamilcars army marched in three separate columns, with the war elephants placed nearest the rebel army. After weeks of maneuvering, Hamilcar finally managed to trap about 40,000 rebels in a valley surrounded on three sides by mountains.[66]. He then landed on the north coast of Sicily, seizing Mt. Valerius Maximus has Hamilcar speak of "four lion's whelps which I have raised to exterminate the Roman name. Roman occupation of Sardinia, and then Corsica, indicated the untrustworthiness of Romans and their willingness to meddle when they saw fit regardless of treaties between the powers. [68] Hamilcar retreated north near the mouth of the Bagradas River, while Matho crucified his prisoners on the same crosses Hamilcar had used to crucify the rebel leaders, then retreated out of Tunis and moved south. [35] Hamilcar had to promise considerable rewards to keep the morale of his army up, which was to produce near fatal problems for Carthage later on. The Punic Wars were a series of conflicts fought between Carthage Hannibal (also known as Hannibal Barca, l. 247-183 BCE) was a Carthaginian Carthaginian warfare has been overshadowed by defeat to Rome in Punic Wars by Bagnall, Nigel [Hardcover ], Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. "Hamilcar Barca." See also Hamilcar Barca on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica disclaimer . The Romans responded by blockading Hamilcar, but he seems to have been able to break out regularly and continue his guerrilla tactics. [121] Without Punic records to cross reference, these remain mere supposition. Miles, Richard, Carthage Must be Destroyed, p. 193, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p. 145, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p. 146, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p147, Lazenby, John .F, First Punic War, p148, Lazenby, John .F, The First Punic War, p. 157, Diodorus Siculus 24.13, Cornelius Nepos, Hamilcar, 1.5, Bagnall, Nigel, The Punic Wars, pp. He was one of the greatest military commanders in history. Hamilcar counted them one after another with the tip of his finger; then he hid his face in a saffron-coloured veil, and, falling on his knees, stretched himself on the ground with both arms extended. Hamilcar then resigned his command but he would be needed again within months. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Hamilcar Capital is currently advising its consortium of selected investors in transactions across various sectors such as construction, logistics, agro business, leisure & tourism, real estate and infrastructure spread throughout Botswana, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Kenya. World History Encyclopedia. Hamilcar refused and slaughtered all of them except for the commanders. HAMILCAR BARCA, or Barcas (Heb. To forestall any such event, rebels committed an act of cruelty unpardonable by Carthage. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Books Hanno, accustomed to fighting Libyans and Numidians, did not anticipate any further trouble and left his army for Utica. i. p. 391; Auson. 68, 69, Punica Barcino, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, pp95, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamilcar_Barca&oldid=1118409183, Carthaginian commanders of the First Punic War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with German-language sources (de), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. As this was in line with the goal of the "Peace Party" of Hanno the Great, probably no serious opposition was offered. Hannibal Barca was born in Carthage (present-day Tunisia) in approximately 247 B.C. The Turdetani surrendered. Hamilcar Barca: Hannibal Barca is the son of General Hamiclar Barca of Carthage. Hamilcar simply replied that he was fighting to gather enough booty to pay off the war indemnity. His first daughter was married to Bomilcar, who was a suffete of Carthage and may have commanded the Punic fleet in the Second Punic war. He then quashed a rebellion closer to home between 241 and 237 BCE before returning abroad, where he successfully expanded Carthaginian interests in southern Spain. His alliance with Hasdrubal the Fair, who would become his son in law, allowed . By 231 BC, Hamilcar Barca had consolidated his Iberian territorial gains and established the city of Akra Leuke (Alicante),[108][109] probably in 235 BC, to guard Punic holdings, and possibly took over the area of Massalian colonies near the mouth of Sucro River. The exact location of this valley has never been conclusively identified. [79] The influence Hamilcar enjoyed among the people and the opposition party enabled him to avoid standing trial. Related Content In 231 BC, a Roman embassy visited Hamilcar in Spain to inquire about his activities. Its reign began with Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275-228 BC), who was the Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Port area of Boston. The last condition is mentioned by Polybius in place of the one regarding not making war on Syracuse. In these conflicts, Hamilcar had switched Carthage from a naval power to a land power with great success, and he firmly established the Barcid family as the ruling house of Carthage. Their opponents probably had the support of people who had wanted to continue the war even after the defeat at Aegates Island. He distinguished himself during the First Punic War in 247, when he took over the chief command in Sicily, which at . He was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 B.C., when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. Hamilcar Barca was a daring, intelligent young man. Miles, Richard, Carthage Must be Destroyed, p. 198. Hamilcar in turn nominated Gisco,[38] the Carthaginian commander of Lilybaeum, to conduct the talks. ". The name Hamilcar (PunicPhoenician mlqrt, brother of Melqart) was a common name for Carth 143; Miano, Diccion. Without a significant fleet and having lost their strategically important fortresses in Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia, the Carthaginians, though, had to look elsewhere for a source of money to fund their armies. Hamilcar Barca was blamed by the Carthaginian Leaders for causing the Mercenary War by making unrealistic promises to his soldiers, especially the Celts, during his command in Sicily. vol. Hannibal Barca was probably a black Carthaginian military commander; he became famous for his crossing of the Alps, his strategic brilliance before taking on major campaigns, his tactical genius on the battlefield, and his operational prowess during combat. Hamilcar Barca was recalled from Sicily and he joined Hanno the Great, who had made significant conquests in Libya while Hamilcar had been in Sicily, to quash the rebellion. Byk komutan Hannibal'n babas. [15] Carthage did not take advantage of their naval supremacy and carry the war to Italy other than launching a few raids. The rebel loss was 8,000 dead with 4,000 captured. Carthage was hit by a series of disasters in 239 BC: her fleet and supply flotilla bringing supplies from Empoia was sunk in a storm, the mercenaries in Sardinia rebelled and the cities of Utica and Hippo Acra killed their Punic garrisons and defected to the rebels. Some of the surviving rebels fled towards Utica; others, after being driven from their camp near the bridge, fled to Tunis. Thank you! Since the coin was found near Lake Trasimene where Hannibal defeated the Romans, this fact offers good confirmation that coins image resembled Hannibals real ethnic appearance because one of way of celebrating a victory in ancient warfare was to have a coin minted in your honor and showing yourself as your enemys deity. In addition to maintaining a fleet and soldiers in Sicily, they were also fighting the Libyans and Numidians in northern Africa. Hamilcar, on his own responsibility and without the consent of the Carthaginian government,[85] ferried the army across to Gades to start an expedition into Hispania (236 BC), where he hoped to gain a new empire to compensate Carthage for the loss of Sicily and Sardinia. Lance Serge states that Hamilcar's family was part of the landed aristocracy of Carthage. Mago and Hasdrubal were his younger brothers. Monolito Amilcar Elche Sierra.jpg 640 480; 43 KB. Hamilcar Barca is listed in the tavern under Others and costs 17,000,000 gold. Hanno "The Great"[14] was in charge of operations in Africa since 248 BC and had conquered considerable territory by 241 BC. Hamilcar first raided the Italian coast at Bruttium in 247 BCE, perhaps in search of booty to pay his mercenaries, and then landed on Sicily at Heircte near Panormus (Palermo). Amazons Who Were the Ancient Female Warriors? He was one of the greatest military commanders in history. Suggesting that the old coin depicts Hannibal simply because the back depicts and elephant seems like wishful thinking. In an effort to reestablish their position, they decided to make a scapegoat of Hamilcar Barca. First Punic War. This coin is the best representation of Hannibal. Carthage sent a mercenary force under Hanno to retake the island in 239 BC, but this group also rebelled, killing Hanno and their Carthaginian officers and joining the rebels in Sardinia. Shouting encouragement to each other they broke into a run to pursue. Hanno the Great was aligned with them and they espoused peaceful relations with Rome, even at the cost of abandoning overseas territories. Hamilcar had split his forces in the winter of 228 BC, Hasdrubal the Fair was sent on a separate campaign, while Hamilcar besieged an Iberian town, then sent the bulk of his troops to winter quarters at Akra Leuke. Discover Hamilcar Barca: The Life and Legacy of the Legendary Carthaginian General by Charles River Editors and millions of other books available at Barnes & Noble. Whatever direct territorial control Carthage had had in the past in Iberia,[98] this had been mostly lost by this time as Hamilcar was "re-establishing Carthaginian authority in Iberia". The coin presented does not appear to favor the features of either. Gisco sensibly sent the troops to Carthage in small groups with intervals in between[49] so the government could pay them off without trouble. HAMILCAR. Hamilcar's victory opened communication with Utica, and gave Hamilcar the chance to bring nearby towns under Carthaginian control by force or negotiations. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Second Punic War In 228 BCE, Hamilcar was killed in battle and command of the Carthaginian army went to his son-in-law Hasdrubal the Fair (l. c. 270-221 BCE). When his troops rushed towards the retreating Carthaginians, Spendius was either unable to control them or believed that the Carthaginians were fleeing and encouraged his forces' pursuit. Hamilcar offered the prisoners a choice to join his army, or leave Africa with the condition never to take up arms against Carthage. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Massalia had become friendly with Rome over the years, if not an outright ally by 237 BC, and this connection would become a significant factor in the power politics of the region. The daylight outside was beginning to strike on the folding shutters of black lattice-work. When this was done in an ancient-history classroom at the University of Pennsylvania, Prof. William C. McDermott responded: "Yes, Hannibal was as black as King David." The great Carthaginian was. The new joiners were armed with equipment captured from the rebels. America's Black dilemma [Barca, Hamilcar] on Amazon.com. Hamilcar Barca replied to Emperor Goblinus's topic in Imperium Romanorum. As a primarily mounted general in Evony, Hamilcar Barca has mounted buffs of 20% in total when all specialties are maxed out. Hamilcar spent nine years in Spain. Carthaginian leadership requested terms to the victorious Roman commander, Gaius Lutatius Catulus and authorised Hamilcar Barca to open negotiations, probably to avoid the responsibility of the defeat. The name Hamilcar (Punic-Phoenician mlqrt, "brother of Melqart") was a common name for Carthaginian men. (The origins of Carthage go back to the city of Tabarka, present-day Tunisia). Hamilcar next moved to confront the army of Matho at Tunis. They had remained in power throughout the Mercenary War and had advocated Hanno's position over Hamilcar's more than once. Newest results. Deprived of leadership, and unaware of the pact, the mercenaries suspected treachery; the Libyans were the first to attack Hamilcar's positions. Hamilcar, furious that Sicily had been given up too soon, while he had been undefeated,[77] could rely on support from this party. Hamilcar now had an army of 12,000 and 70 elephants with which to face the rebels. Hamilcar retired to Carthage after the peace treaty in 241 BC, following the defeat of Carthage. The Carthaginians were marching in good order so they could perform a pre-planned manoeuvre which they had practiced in Carthage, but the rebels, many of whom were inexperienced soldiers, believed that the Carthaginians were running away. Turn nominated Gisco, both of whom commanded during the Second Punic (! And left his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the shores of Sicily and southern Italy new! 'S position over hamilcar 's sons, Hannibal and Hasdrubal Gisco, both of whom commanded during Second! Non-Profit company registered in Canada name for Carthaginian men slaughtered all of them except for the commanders ]. 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